I know. It’s not a subtle title. I can’t sleep. I can’t stop moving. This has been on my mind for a while now. I’ve tried distracting myself with other things: reading, writing, listening to music, walking with my dogs. None of it works. The restlessness is lodged deep inside my heart. I can only imagine that there are others out there who feel the same way, as if they are watching someone drown, and not knowing how to reach out and help. A restlessness and a helplessness. But there has to be something.
These Northern Ontario suicides up in Pikangikum First Nation, about 100 km northwest of Red Lake, are heart breaking. Two twelve year old children died on the Canada Day weekend. A fifteen year old girl from Nibinamik died on the Tuesday following that weekend. A twenty-one year old man from Fort Severn First Nation died in Thunder Bay the day after that. A report posted on CBC Thunder Bay’s website says that there have been eighteen suicides within the Nishnawbe Aski Nation’s territory since January 1, 2017. Eighteen.
I keep wondering: if there were eighteen suicides in any other region or city in Southern Ontario, or any other bigger, urban centres, would there be such silence? Yes, there are the few stories that cross social media platforms. Yes, there are tweets of protests and some Facebook shares. Do people in the southern parts of the province know, or care, about what’s happening further north?
I live in Sudbury, which is in Northeastern Ontario. It’s far from Thunder Bay, which is in Northwestern Ontario. The two cities are eleven hours apart, by car. Pikangikum is further north than Thunder Bay. There isn’t a year-round road. There’s a winter road, and then the rest of the year, people reach the community via a mixture of boat, car, and plane. This is the raw and real northern geography of this great land.
If you look at a map of Canada, and you see where Sudbury and Thunder Bay are located, then you’ll see, if you look further north, how vast those distances are, heading up towards Hudson Bay. That’s the vast distance we’re talking about when we talk about Northern Ontario. It’s much more vast than people from the south know and, maybe, just maybe, it’s more easily forgettable. Maybe that explains it. But it doesn’t make it right. It never will.
I can’t stop thinking about this. I don’t have kids of my own, so my students are my kids. I’m a secondary school teacher, so I’m well versed in how mental health issues can torment teens and young adults. As educators, we are trained to be mindful of our students’ behaviours. We know they suffer, even if they learn how to try and hide it. Working at an all-girls’ school, I’ve learned to watch and listen carefully. I’m sure all teachers have, regardless of whether they teach at a co-ed or single-gendered school, learned how to spot worrisome spikes in anxiety and depression.
You watch to see if your students avoid making eye contact (because they know you’re smart and you care), whether or not they seem too sleepy (in case they are having family issues), or if they cry easily (or not easily enough), or if they are too slim (in case they aren’t eating properly, whether because of poverty or because of eating disorders), or if they seem to curl up into themselves both physically and emotionally in class. You can tell, too, sometimes (but not always) if someone is cutting or harming themselves. They’ll be the kids who tug their sweaters down over their wrists, so that their hands and fingers stick out a bit more obviously than they should. They might wrap their arms around their torso, as if they wish they could give themselves a hug, or else just try and disappear.
You know, too, though, that some kids are experts at hiding their pain. Sometimes, the ones you think aren’t in crisis actually are. They may be the best of multi-taskers, the smiliest of faces, the most welcoming and trying to please you as their teacher, and even the ones with the very highest grades. Sometimes, just sometimes, they are also the ones at risk. It’s not an easy thing to distinguish, to suss out who is at risk and who isn’t, but I know that it’s been made even more difficult for my colleagues in the far north because there is a discrepancy in funding between southern and northern schools in this province.
If you were to begin by visiting a classroom in a Toronto school and then continue on up the highways of this province, on a tour of sorts, I’m more than certain you’d see differences and even harsh discrepancies. You might see smaller libraries (or libraries that used to be libraries but are now empty, without books), or you might see outdated text books, or you might see fewer Smart Boards or laptops. There might be issues with Internet connections. There might be issues with trying to retain teachers in far northern communities, even if you pay them isolation pay, because sometimes there isn’t enough emotional support for the teachers themselves. (And, yes, you can have culture shock within the borders of a country as vast and ‘modern’ as Canada.)
The fuss about Canada 150 bothered me. It still does. I’m not Indigenous. I know I carry and embody white privilege. I know, even, that I probably shouldn’t even voice my opinion in some cases. But I can’t not speak. I can’t bear to see more media reports of kids killing themselves in far northern reserves and communities. I can’t imagine eighteen of my kids just disappearing like that, and no one blinking an eye. For a minute or two, in social media land, there’s a ripple effect, a wave that disturbs the reader of an article, and then, I think, the ripple evens out and the water is calm, so people forget, or perhaps just don’t want to admit it’s an issue.
Today, I read an article that says Ontario has announced funding for twenty new full-time mental health workers for Pikangikum First Nations. About 380 people in the community are seeking counselling. Of course they are. Eighteen people have just killed themselves since January of this year. Of course they are. They are crying out for help. Right now, there are only eight mental health workers up in Pikangikum. Eight. How would that work, in Toronto, or Windsor, or London, if eighteen people killed themselves? Would that be acceptable?
There are meetings in Ottawa this week, including Grand Chief Alvin Fiddler, who is the head of an organization that represents 49 communities across Northern Ontario. This is good, I suppose. I worry, though. For years now, as someone who has lived in Sudbury for most of my life, I can think of having always heard on the CBC how the flooding in Kashechewan and Attawapiskat displaces people every spring. So, each year, the floods happen. Each year, people are displaced. Each year, the same thing happens, over and over and over again. For years. For decades. And, each year, it splashes across the media, and then disappears like a “little ripple” into a calming lake. It’s more like a form of erasure and racism, I think. The “little ripple” upsets people. It makes them think about how this province, this country, has some deep and hard work to do if it wants to talk about truth and reconciliation with the First Nations, Inuit and Metis peoples. It jars them so they’d rather turn away and look at the pretty shoreline of the lake than see what the “little ripple” is doing on the surface of the water.
Here’s the thing: the “little ripple” is actually a massive problem. The issues of flooding, unsafe drinking water which results in boil water advisories all the time, the poor health care systems in northern reserves and communities, and the unsafe schools for children, all of this is hardly a “little ripple.” It’s more like a tsunami.
I’m thinking of how the children have spoken up. As a teacher, my students are drawn to the brave work of Shannen Koostachin, who fought so valiantly for safe and equitable schools in Attawapiskat. They think highly of Autumn Peltier, from Wikwemikong on Manitoulin Island, who speaks up for the rights of water. They relate to people their own age. They ask me, as their teacher, “Miss, why is this still allowed to happen? Weren’t the residential schools horrible enough? What can we do?” I only ever say what I think and believe is true, and I always say that I don’t know the answers to all of their questions. I never lie to my students, or to myself or others for that matter.
I tell my girls that we can speak about things, we can raise awareness, and we can share what we learn with our families and friends. This year, they told me that, after reading Richard Wagamese’s novel, Indian Horse, they told their parents about residential schools, and then were shocked when their parents hadn’t known the truth of Canada’s full history. These young people, in elementary and secondary school now, are, I think, the ones who will carry the notion of reconciliation forward in a real and concerted manner. They are incensed, but frustrated. They don’t know what to do to change their country for the better. They only know it isn’t right.
What I do know is that these suicides are not acceptable. I don’t know how to fix it, but I have an idea. I don’t think these band-aid solutions, of sending up a certain number of full-time mental health workers, will work for the long term. It may help for a while, and I pray it does. I do. But…and I think I might be right, sadly, if it works in the way that the flooding and evacuation ‘works’ every year in Kash and Attawapiskat, then, I’m afraid it won’t be effective. Longer term solutions need to be implemented.
I love the work of Richard Wagamese. In One Story, One Song, he writes: “Suicide hurts everyone. For Native people in Canada, it’s an epidemic. On some reserves, the rate of youth suicide is horrendous, and there’s incredible agony for those left behind.” He also says that, “every needless death lessens us and diminishes our light.”
Yes. So. Tonight, I’m thinking of the families of those eighteen people who have been lost since January of this year. I’m thinking of the four young people who, this very month, have killed themselves. There must have been such deep pain for them and that saddens me so deeply. In Embers: One Ojibway’s Meditations, Richard Wagamese says, “the truth is that we are one body moving through time together.”
We are all connected. We can’t forget it. So, if even one falls, all of us should feel it deeply. I do. I do.
peace,
k.